HangulSteps한글

Korean word order — the verb goes last, particles do the rest

English is Subject–Verb–Object: I drink coffee. Korean is Subject–Object–Verb: 저는 커피를 마셔요 — literally “I coffee drink”. Once that clicks, most beginner sentences are just slotting words into a frame.

The base frame

[who] + [where] + [what] + [does]. The verb (or adjective) always ends the sentence, and in polite everyday speech it ends with -아요/어요.

The five beginner frames

FrameExampleMeaning
Someone does something저는 커피를 마셔요.I drink coffee.
Going somewhere저는 학교에 가요.I go to school.
Describing something김치가 맛있어요.Kimchi is delicious.
Something is at a place고양이가 집에 있어요.The cat is at home.
Formal style (-ㅂ니다/습니다)저는 커피를 마십니다.I drink coffee. (formal)
Asking where어디에 가요?.Where are you going?
Asking what뭐 먹어요?.What are you eating?
I want to …저는 한국어를 배우고 싶어요.I want to learn Korean.
Doing something at a place친구는 카페에서 커피를 마셔요.My friend drinks coffee at a café.
Living / working somewhere저는 서울에서 살아요.I live in Seoul.
Not doing something (안)저는 커피를 안 마셔요.I don’t drink coffee.
When you go somewhere주말에 저는 공원에 가요.On the weekend I go to the park.
Having / not having저는 시간이 있어요.I have time.
Where something is (on / under / next to)가방이 의자 위에 있어요.The bag is on the chair.
Two actions in a row (-고)저는 밥을 먹고 커피를 마셔요.I eat and then drink coffee.
Choosing between things ((이)나)저는 커피나 차를 마셔요.I drink coffee or tea.
Liking something (좋아해요 takes 을/를)저는 커피를 좋아해요.I like coffee.
“… is good to me” (좋아요 takes 이/가)저는 커피가 좋아요.I like coffee. (lit. coffee is good to me)
Can’t (못) — not the same as don’t (안)저는 술을 못 마셔요.I can’t drink alcohol.
Also / only (도 · 만 replace the particle)저도 커피를 마셔요.I drink coffee too.
Doing something with someone저는 친구와 영화를 봐요.I watch a movie with a friend.
Giving / sending to someone저는 친구에게 선물을 줘요.I give a present to a friend.
Going somewhere to do something (-(으)러)저는 도서관에 책을 읽으러 가요.I go to the library to read a book.
Please don’t … (-지 마세요)커피를 마시지 마세요.Please don’t drink coffee.
Shall we …? (-(으)ㄹ까요?)같이 영화를 볼까요?.Shall we watch a movie together?
Have tried … (-아/어 봤어요)저는 김치를 먹어 봤어요.I have tried kimchi.
Because I’m … , I … (-아/어서)저는 배고파서 밥을 먹어요.I’m hungry, so I eat.
Because / since … , please … (-(으)니까)비가 오니까 우산을 가져가세요.Because it’s raining, please take an umbrella.
If I have … , I … (-(으)면)저는 시간이 있으면 영화를 봐요.If I have time, I watch a movie.
Noticing something (-네요)커피가 맛있네요.Oh, the coffee is delicious!
Although I’m … , I … (-지만)저는 바쁘지만 운동을 해요.I’m busy, but I exercise.
Adjective background / contrast (-(으)ㄴ데)저는 바쁜데 친구를 만나요.I'm busy, but I'm meeting a friend.
When I … , I … (-(으)ㄹ 때)저는 밥을 먹을 때 텔레비전을 봐요.When I eat, I watch TV.
Before / after going somewhere (-기 전에 · -(으)ㄴ 후에)저는 학교에 가기 전에 커피를 마셔요.Before I go to school, I drink coffee.
Giving to an elder (께 드려요)저는 할머니께 선물을 드려요.I give a present to my grandmother.
Have been to … (-(으)ㄴ 적이 있어요)저는 제주도에 간 적이 있어요.I have been to Jeju Island.
It seems … (-는 것 같아요)친구는 커피를 좋아하는 것 같아요.My friend seems to like coffee.
While doing … , I … (-(으)면서)저는 음악을 들으면서 숙제를 해요.I do homework while listening to music.
An elder is somewhere (께서 · 계세요)할머니께서 집에 계세요.My grandmother is at home.
Someone you honor does something (께서 · honorific verb)할머니께서 진지를 드세요.My grandmother has a meal.
Because I have (no) … , I … (-기 때문에)저는 시간이 없기 때문에 운동을 안 해요.Because I have no time, I don’t exercise.
Written style (-ㄴ/는다) — for TOPIK writing나는 커피를 마신다.I drink coffee. (written style)
I intend to … (-(으)려고 해요)저는 한국어를 배우려고 해요.I intend to learn Korean.
I decided to … (-기로 했어요)저는 운동을 하기로 했어요.I decided to exercise.
I’d better … (-아/어야겠어요)저는 숙제를 해야겠어요.I’d better do my homework.
It turned out that I … (-게 됐어요)저는 서울에서 살게 됐어요.I ended up living in Seoul.
“You know …” (-잖아요)친구는 커피를 좋아하잖아요.My friend likes coffee, you know.
“… you see” — giving a reason (-거든요)저는 지금 바쁘거든요.I’m busy, you see.

What can move, what cannot

Negation

Put 안 right before the verb: 저는 커피를 안 마셔요. (I don’t drink coffee.)

Practice in the builder →